The dynamic behaviour of a bubbling fluidised bed markedly changes when the bed is run close to Umf or when it is shallow. It is shown that these changes can be explained using the kinematic models of Clift and Grace (1,2) and Davidson (3) (the model implementation is described in detail by Croxford (11)). The use of this model and tomographic measurements allows the conclusions to be made for three-dimensional fluidised beds, which can be difficult to observe directly